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systematically because the battlefield moved very fast.
The numbers of refugees were increased continually in the period for Nakdong River
defense. Soeul as well as other province populations departed to Busan area. The all sizes of
refugees were 1.2 million as for 28 September 1950.
th
Status of refugees and government measures after January-Fourth Retreat
(2 phase)
nd
The Korean army and UN forces were making a conquest the majority of North Korean
th
area with the hope to cease a fire in the latter of the October 1951. US 8 army were ap-
proaching to the Yalu river in the western part of battle line and US 10 corps were making
th
an attack toward the border between Korean and Manchuria. But due to intervention of com-
munist china army, all situations were changing into totally other aspects.
It produced not only refugees in South Korean area but also refugees escaped North Ko-
rean area due to intervention of communist china during January-Fourth Retreat. In particu-
lar, a lot of refugees in North Korean area could escape toward the Southern part boarding
US’s lSt. 3
th
As the withdrawal operations were proceeding from 10 December to 23 1950, the only
rd
91,000 people among 0.3 million refugees could escape from evacuation harbor boarding
5,000 persons in a LST which could accommodate only 500 crews. After finishing the em-
barkation, US’s vessels and bombers destroyed 400 tons of ammunitions and 5.6 million tons
of equipments with a concentrated fire.
4
The first motivation that many refugees in North Korean area departed was to want the
civil population to escape from communist control. Secondly, they wanted to escape to-
5
ward the South to get away an air strike of UN air-force. 6
nd
st
the tragic aspects during the 2 refugee phase were more miserable than the 1 refugee
phase.
First, there were heavy casualties due to unpredictable intervention of communist china I.
Secondly, a cold winter caused the wounded to have frostbite.
Third, the great numbers of refugees increased because of North Korean refugees.
Fourth, it took a long time to escape from North Korean area.
Although the Korean government made efforts for refugee’ aids, they suffered from the
lack of funds, resources and sudden increase of refugees.
The government requested relief materials to UN and friendly nations and provided that
to refugees. 7

3 Busan City History Compilation Committee, Harbor City Busan, volume 16, (Busan: Busan City, 2000), p.
240.
4 Busan Daily, Temporary Capital 1,000days, (Busan: Busan City, 1984), pp. 223~224.
5 Institute of Military Compilation History, “The Korean War Volume 16,17 ” Intelligence Reports of The
Central Intelligence Agency, DAILY REPORT KOREAN BULLETIN (3 JUL 1951)
RD
6 Kim Dong Chun, Seoul Population and The Korean War, (Seoul: History Review, 2000), p. 53.
7 CIA DAILY REPORT KOREAN BULLETIN (3 JUL 1951)
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