Page 630 - Le Operazioni Interforze e Multinazionali nella Storia Militare - ACTA Tomo I

630 XXXIX Congresso della CommIssIone InternazIonale dI storIa mIlItare • CIHm

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companied by US marines.”
Another special secret analysis of the operational-tactical and the combat training of
the Turkish and Greek naval forces was published too. It underlined that both countries’
participation in NATO naval exercises kept on increasing all the time. For instance,
while in 1969 Turkey took part in three naval exercise of the Alliance, in 1971 their
number was already seven, and in 1972 - ten. In 1972 only, Greece took part in three
international and five national landing exercises in which the new sabotage-reconnais-
nd
sance groups “Commandos” and the 32 marines regiment participated. After a perma-
nent Soviet naval presence had been established in the Mediterranean, the Greek Navy
was assigned new combat tasks against the Soviet war ships and submarines. The Black
Sea Strait Zone was defined in the study as a chief strategic goal at the Southern Euro-
pean Theater of operations. The main tasks assigned to the Turkish naval forces were
the defense of the Black Sea Straits, anti-submarine warfare, strategic coastal landing
and torpedo-missile strikes. About fifty Turkish war ships and auxiliary ships, tactical
and naval aviation participated usually in those exercises. After 1967 one third of Turk-
ish Naval Forces within the NATO complement were based on the Black Sea - mainly
torpedo and missile cruisers and submarines. 15
The framework and main dimensions of the Warsaw Pact MI multilateral coordination
in the course of reconnaissance and evaluation of NATO large scale joint and combined
exercises could be viewed perfectly at the operational plan for “interaction” in regard of the
forthcoming WINTEX-75 exercise, signed during the Information & Radio Technical Intel-
ligence departments’session in Sofia in January 1975. Bulgaria was assigned the task of re-
connaissance NATO armed forces at Southern European War Theater (excluding Italian AF),
Hungary – the same direction (excluding Greek and Turkish AF), Czechoslovakia and the
GDR – NATO armed forces at Central European War Theater, Poland – NATO armed forces
at Central and Northern European War Theaters, while the USSR – NATO Allied Commands
at European, Atlantic, and the English Channel (La Manche) War Theaters. The main NATO
communication centers, objectives of Warsaw Pact electronic surveillance, had similar allo-
cation among the East European MI services: Bulgaria – transmitters in Izmir (Turkey) and
Kato Souli (Greece), Hungary – Andrews Air base, the GDR – US base Pirmasens (FRG),
Poland – Karup Air base (Denmark), Czechoslovakia – Brunssum (The Netherlands) and
Casteau (SHAPE in Belgium), and the USSR - Torrejón Air Base (Spain) and Siebelbach
Air Force Communication Station (Germany). The mutual intelligence exchange envisaged
daily and extraordinary summaries, and in three months after the end of the winter exercises
a summarized analytical survey with standardized technical data .
16
The pattern of the summarized surveys could be viewed by an Analytical report (of twen-
ty pages) about the activity of Bulgarian MI electronic units on reconnaissance of WINTEX/

14 Military Intelligence Directorate-General Staff. Conclusions from the NATO Allied Military Forces’ exercises
at the South-European war theater in the period 1960 – 1972, (Sofia, 1972).
15 Military Intelligence Directorate-General Staff. Analysis of the operational-tactical and the combat training
of the Turkish and Greek naval forces in the period January 1969 – May 1973, (Sofia, 1973).
16 COMDOS, VR, MF 01288, A.E. 1069, p. 106-109.