Page 590 - 1992 - XVIII Congresso Internazionale di Storia Militare

556 NICKOI.AY G. KOTIN
StOycho Moshanoff, Dimicar Gichev, Vergll Dimoff, Alexander Nalinov·s son-
l'avei Malinov, Sofia archbishop Srefan, the laner rhrough his secrerary - che an·
glofile Triney ( t Sl. Data was a Iso constanrly l"eceived chrough press-conferences, ofren
organised in the Lega don by che journaliscs Mara an d llliya Pop iUitevy, An gel Mol·
lov. Ljuben Poulev, Boyan Choukanov, Pavlina Pudeva. The !auer was wife of
Michael Pudev- a derk in the English Legacion who had lefr che country<16)_ Fur·
rhermore this informa.rion and mainly rhar conceming che concentration of Bulgar·
ian anù German troops in che Southern Operarion rhearre was supplied by Major
Jadwin tO rhe Turkish powcrs afcer haù been expelled rbe sraff of thc American
Legation in Oecember 1941. This informacion helped to improve rclations between
the American represcncatives and thc Turkish incelligence scrvice "Milli Emniet
Hismeri" (MEH) <m. Ar che same ti me ir musr be menrioned, rhar che possibili·
dcs, which the America n diplomars had on hand, rogerher with rheir coliaborawrs
- mainly Russia n emigrams C"l who lived outside rhe territory of che lcgarion, as
a rule grel!rly embarrassed the Securiry Service in thc Police, che Bulgaria n militnry
incelligcnce and thc fricndly German "Abvchrsrclle" in Sofia - dr. Delius's office,
ro rcveal rhe numb~r of rhe informantS of che legai rcsidencs wa.s limited.
Thc chird - che war pt•riod - is perhaps rhe mosr imerc~ring from che poi m
of view of rh c dcvclopmcnc rhc infrasrructurc of che America n lmclligcnce Sc:rvicc.
lr is a period of vicrories and defcars, rhe lattcr often l~d ro a breakdown in rhc
mutuai rcluions wirh the English "Secrer lnrelligencc Servicc". From a geopolitica l
poi ne of view, rogerher with Swkholm and Bern, lstanbul offered good opportuni·
ties for garhering srraregic inft)rmation for the wholc of South·East E!urope. Thr
facr chat in this ciry thcre wc:re 17 forc:ign inu:lligcnce serviccs, the fact rhac ir was
rhe most importane trnnsir point for Jews M.d ocher fugirives from che N11zi regime
in Europe, rhe faet th~tt American acciviries wcrc nm dircctcd againsr Turkcy, ali
rogcthcr vcry strongly influenced rhe sen.ing up and surveillance of incelligcncc a c·
civicies in che Balkans.
A kcy momem in rhc acrivities of che Amcrican OSS ("") in Turkcy was the
crearion of thc inreJligence cirde in Soucheasr Europe, known by che cripromane
··cereus", which was directed by un cnginccr - n Czech, who was offcrcd by ··secret
lnrelligence Service" ro rhe Americans 08 >. He was known under rhe pseuùonym
"Dogwood" and was well aware of che condirions in che region, becausc he had
workcd for many years in Bulgaria buiJding irrigarion nerworks. Acche bcg!nning
he ensurcd exclusively inreresring and diversive information wgccher with schcmes
and maps (191. An arrempt was made ro esrabilish concacts w i rh rh e illegal rcsidenrs
in Sofia, bue ir was un~uccessful, nobody knows why, alrl1ough there was a radio < 201 •
Here ir musr be mentìoned rhat che d1iefof"Ast!Sofia" dr. Dcllius succccded in
garhering informacion abour this radio·transmicrer, and he informed che sroff of
21
rhe Bulgarian inrclligcncc dcpartmenr of che Army's Sraff in dme < >.
Forced inreJligence and propaganda acriviries were developed also by a part
of che personnel ar the American college in Simeonovo and d1e Mechodlst school