Page 587 - 1992 - XVIII Congresso Internazionale di Storia Militare

THE ACTJVJTIES OF THE AMERICAN INTELLJGENCE IN
BULGARIA DURING WORLD W AR Il

NICKOLAY G. K OTEV

Alchough Bulgarian sci enti fie literacure mencions che use of large scale incelli·
gence informadon by che Allies (mcluding che Americ.ans), noc a single research
of ours has succeeded in fìnding any evidencc scrious analysis of che waged against
Bulgaria "secrer war". which included che struccure of che intelligence institutions,
che rcsearches and nnalysis, subversive operacions, espionage, councer-espionnge,
psychological wnr nnd so on.
fn the acdvides of che American inrelligence service againsc Bulgaria during
r.he ycars of che Second W orld War, four periods could be marked:
l. Sepccmber 1939 • M:arch 194 1: predominancly pollcical invcscigacions by che
auchorized workers in che: America n legation. This is a per!od òf joinc activicies
wirh che 11uchori~ed serviccs of che English lcgacion (Passporc Conrrol Service
and che Milicary Accaché, led by Norma n Jamcs Davics Ul and licuccnnnc-colonel
Alexander Ross) (2>.
2. March '194 1 · Dccembcr 1941: crc:acing its own milicary altllché scrvice, led
by major Kornelius K. J adwin m, setting up a milicary and politica! inrelligence
nerwork, a period of caking over operarions abandoncd by rhe British and en·
listing nc:w agenrs in Bulgarian sociery.
3. Decembcr l 941 • Sepccmbcr l 944: period of building up and operaring the
America n imdligence infrascruccure in Turkey for operarions againsr Southeasc
Europe and espccially againsc Bulgaria. This is a period of rhe brea.kdown in
che mutuai rdations wich rhe English lnrelligence Service.
4. September 1944 - May l 945: a peri od of legalising che imelJjgence srrucrures
through rhe American section of the AUied Concrol Commission, of leaving the
guardianship of the British, of crearing an independcnr informati an cemer, rhac
was nccessary in order ro analyse, foreom and draw up American policy in the
Balkan region.
Mai n aims of ali che d iffcrem branches of che America n inrelligence service
againsr Bulgaria in this chronological period, are as follows:
co reveal che incencions a od arricudes of che officia.l Bulgaria n circles towards
rhc: milicary political changes in Euro pc:. The doseness of links w i rh Germany,
for che internai and foreign policy, psychological faccors, and fìghting crim, etc.;