Page 285 - Airpower in 20th Century - Doctrines and Employment

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tHe soutH afriCan air forCe: HistoriCal notes and involvement in tHe korean war

east of Kaesong. They carried napalm, rockets and .50 ammunition and took-off
at 19h45. While en route to their target they heard an airborne controller call for
support from any flight that could hear him. Marshall diverted his flight to answer
to the call and the controller indicated the target. It was a troop concentration by
the enemy about 30km south-west of Chorwon (see Map 1). The troops opened fire
with automatic weapons and 20mm and 40mm anti-aircraft guns, but the four 2 Sqn
Mustangs attacked through an intense and accurate barrage of enemy fire. Howe and
Verster later expressed surprise at having survived the attack while the enemy fire
was so intense that the controller instructed a USAF flight to stand-by to CAP any of
the South Africans who might be hit. Yet, the attack was successful and the opposite
side sustained the following losses: unknown number of troop casualties, one 40mm
gun position and two automatic weapons positions were destroyed and one 40mm
gun position damaged. 45
The courage of these pilots was recognised and on 2 July the Squadron was in-
formed that Marshall would receive the American Distinguished Flying Cross im-
mediately, while the other three pilots received the Air Medal. Tragically Verster
was never to hear of his award as he was killed the previous day ferrying a Mustang
from K-10 to K-16. The citation which accompanied Marshall’s award described
46
the incident thus:

Despite poor visibility and in the face of withering enemy ground fire, Lieutenant Marshall,
without hesitation and with complete disregard for personal safety made successive haz-
ardous attacks with relentless accuracy on the enemy positions. In an exceptional display
of aggressiveness and aeronautical skill he engineered the attacks of his flight with such
outstanding airmanship that the optimum damage was inflicted against the enemy without
the loss of one of his aircraft. 47

Airfield Neutralisation

Aerial photographs taken on 6 June showed all the North Korean airfields to be
unserviceable, but a few days of bad weather gave them time to catch up with the
damage caused by the FEAF raids. At least one airfield, Sariwon, became opera-
tional for light aircraft and on 14 June CCAF started with the type of harassment suc-
cessfully used by the Russians against the Germans in the Second World War. PO-2
Polikarpov biplanes (canvas covered open cockpit trainers) were sent late at night or
early in the morning to catch 5 Air Force aircraft being prepared by ground crews.
th
The damage that could be inflicted by these small lone-flying aircraft was relatively
slight, but their nuisance value was considerable. They were nicknamed ‘Bed Check

45
SAMAD, War Dairies (Korea), Box 4, 2 Squadron War Diary, 24 June 1951; Box 16, Debriefing
Forms SAAF220, 24 June 1951.
46
SAMAD, War Dairies (Korea), Box 5, 2 Squadron War Diary, 1-2 July 1951.
47
SAMAD, War Dairies (Korea), Box 5, 2 Squadron War Diary, July 1951 Appendix “A”: Citation for
the immediate award of the Distinguished Flying Cross to Lt G.H. Marshall.