Page 606 - 1992 - XVIII Congresso Internazionale di Storia Militare

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Le. Col. K.J. Clifford, USMCR, Progms and P11rpmt: i\ D<velopmmJ HiJJory of IM UniJtJI Si<ZJ~ Ma·
rint Corps 11)()()..1970, Washington, D.C., History and Museums Division, Headquarcers, U.S.
Marine Corps, 1973. p. 25-60 paSJim.; l . Monon, "War Pian Oran~: Evolutioo o( a Suate-
gy", Wor/J Politirs. Xl, n. 2 Qanuary 1959), p. 221-250.
(10) J.A. lscly · P.A. Crowl, •P· rit .• p. 36-44: A.T. Mason, op. rit. chapter l, p. 9-16.
(Il) FM 31·5, U.S. Army, Lllnding Optratiom on Hostilt Sho..s, 2 June 1941, Washingron,
D.C., 1942: A.T. Mason, op. at., chapter l, p. 13·16; j .A. lsely · P.A. Crowl, op. riJ .• p. 63;
fleet Training Public:ation 167, Landing Optratio11J DOttrine, Unittd Si<ZJu Navy. 1938. Wuhing-
ton, 1938. 1'he Navy's FTP 167 was developed by che Marine Cocps Schools with Navy parttCJ·
patjon bascd on thcir common expcrience and lanrung a;ercises during tbc 1920s and early
1930s aod thc Marine Corps' extensive work on amphìbious docrrine. Wbcn the Army issued
a completcly revised FM 31·5 in November 1944, it was based primarily on che Army's ex·
perience in phlnning and conducting numerous large amphibious operuions during the w.r.
(12) A.T. Mason, op. rit., chaptcr l, p. 81-91: K..R. Gr~nficld. op. dJ .. p. 87·91.
(13) G.C. Dycr, op. rit., vol i, p. 215.
('14) K.R. Grecnfìeld, p. 87-92: B. D. Coll · J.E. Kdth · H.H. Roscnthal, TI>< Corps o/ En·
ginms: Troops aliti EqNipmunl, Washington, D.C .. OCMH, 1958, p. 358; Capt. A.C. Gu!Jind,
USA, "Amphibious Docrrine Gnd Training", Army Ground Forces Demobili:tarion Study n.
6. p. 8 13, in library. USACMH: R.M. lcighron ·.!t. W. Coaklcy, op. rit .. p. 64-68; A. T. Mason,
op. fit., chaprcr l, p. 64·91.
(l~) A. T. Mason, op. cii., chaptcr Il, "Domestic Affiairs 1942: Accadia, Organiuuon and
Training, Shipstnd Cr~ft", p. I l, 29ff: ibidm, chaptcr 111, p. 7; G.C. Dycr, op. nl., voli, p. 215
(16) D. D. Eisenhower, CrNsadl in E11r0p1, G:trden City, New York, Doublcday & Compa-
ny, lnc., 1948, p. 51.
(17) F.C. Pogue, Gtorgt C. Marshall: Ordtal anti Hopt 1939-1942. New York, Thc Vtlung
Press, 1966. p. 302· 320: C .A. Harrison, Cms·Channtl NI<Zcl:. \'(lashington, D.C .. OCMH, 1951.
ptJJJim; M. Matloff · E. M. Sncll, Slraltgir Plamtingfor C.oaliti611 Waifan 1941-1942. Wa~hington,
D.C., OfTicc of the Chic( of Military History [hereafter dred as OCMH), 1953. pdJJifll: A.T.
Mason, op. rit .. chaprcr IV, "Arnphibious Planning 1942: t. Abonive Attempts: Gymnut, Dakar.
Cross Channel lnvasion", p. 24-48; Memorandum. G. C. Marshdl. "Operauons in Westt'fn
Europc", n.d., inJ.R.M. Butlcr, Grand Strattgy, vol lll, part ll;Junc 1941-August 1942 Lon·
don: HMSO. 1964, p. 6n-611l; D.D. Eisenhower, op.cit., p. 38·39, 42-52, 68-73; Generai
A.C. Wedemeycr, Wtdnnrytr RtporiS! New York, Hcnry Holt Company, L9~8. p. l29-t46. A
key Army planncr, Wedcmeyer accompanied Geneul Marshall co London in Aprii 1942 and
then panicipatcd in many o( thc key mcctings un rhe cross Channd invtsion throughout thc
summer of 1942.
(18) S.E. Morison, Hiuory of U.S. Naval Optrarions in WM'Id War 11, volume n: OptralloiU
in Norlh lo/rican Watrrs, Oclobtr 1942-june 1943. Boston, litùe. Brown and Company. 1947, pat·
sim; B. D. Coll, op. rit., p. 360; D. D. Eisenhower, op. rir., p. 38·39, 45-48, 66-73; A.C. Wedemeycr,
op. rir .• p. 129-146.
(19) Capt. M. O. Becker, Tht lomphtbiouJ Training Cnu..-, Army Ground forces Histonc:al
Study No. 22, Washington, D.C., Historical Section, AGF, 1946, p. 3, 57, in Libca.ry, USACMH:
B.D. Coli, op. rlt., p. 3511·361; Memorandum, Brig. Gen. H. R. Buil, Asse. Chief of Staff, G-3,