Page 324 - Airpower in 20th Century - Doctrines and Employment

324 airpower in 20 Century doCtrines and employment - national experienCes
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to Çanakkale un-
der anti-aircraft
fire, gave re-
port to Admiral
von Usedom and
thus, ensured
that the Fortress
Command made
itself ready for
the campaign. 5
Meanwhile,
Second Lieuten-
ant Pilot Cemal
saw the approach-
ing fleet by Bleri-
ot (Ertuğrul) and
Çanakkale under bombs. confirmed the as-
sault. Before the
attacks started, the hostile naval-reconnaissance aircraft that had been unable to see
the mines had issued the certificate of clear ground. It used to be believed that the
mines cast in 8 m in depth could be seen from 1000 m high above. However, the
aircraft could only detect the ones that were very near to the sea level. The chopping
sea also prevented the mines to be detected. 6
Having beaten the outer
bastions of the Çanakkale
since February 1915, the
great armada, of British
and French vessels started
its main attack on March
18, 1915. The mines laid
by Nusrat mine vessel
and could not be detected
by minesweepers played
a major role at this well-
known phase of the Battles
of Çanakkale. Of the allied
armada, Bouvet, Irresist-
ible and Ocean had sunk Dropping of the airplanes onto sea by hoist.

5
Karl Stirling Schneide, Ibid., p. 94.
6
Yavuz Kansi, Ibid, p. 196.